This study adds to the growing research exploring the consequences of knowledge hiding in organizations. Drawing from the social exchange theory and the norm of reciprocity, this paper examines the direct and indirect—via distrust in supervisor—relationships between supervisor knowledge hiding and supervisee organizational citizenship behavior directed at the supervisor in the context of the Middle East. Using a supervisor–supervisee dyadic design, two-source data were obtained from 317 employees of 41 Saudi firms. The findings suggest that supervisees’ distrust in their supervisors (...) mediates the significant and negative relationship between SKH and supervisees’ OCB-S. Furthermore, the significant and positive relationship between SKH and distrust in supervisor is more pronounced for foreign workers than for local workers. This study provides empirical support and a better understanding of the existence and consequences of SKH for local and foreign workers and also discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the findings. (shrink)

This article provides an empirical study on rethinking teaching culture and its impact on learning language in second language (L2) teaching classroom. The study sample consists of twenty students majoring in English as participants, randomly selected from fourth year students, Department of English and Translation, AlQalam University, Yemen. The participants’ task was to choose the best translation for twenty English proverbs each. The translation test was constructed on Google.Sheets. The findings indicate that students’ performance has developed considerably through teaching them (...) the culture of the proverbs involved. This was supported by a follow-up survey questionnaire, whose results consolidated the study findings that culture should be taught vis-à-vis language in L2 classroom. (shrink)

This study analyzes predominant themes and disciplinary and methodological trends in academic integrity and misconduct research. It utilizes bibliometric analysis to explore prevalent themes and interdisciplinary intersections within discussions based on Scopus metadata. R Studio, which uses _biblioshiny_ software, is employed to visualize trends. The results indicate the presence of 769 final documents (627 on academic integrity and 142 on academic misconduct) related to the research focus up to 2023. Visual representations show complex relationships and theme changes. The analysis uncovers (...) connections between academic integrity and misconduct, emphasizing criteria such as plagiarism and the misuse of artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Distinct thematic clusters emerge, showcasing diverse dimensions and the impact of AI on misconduct. Interconnected research endeavors underscore dominant themes like cheating and ethical considerations. Thematic evolution reflects shifts from integrity-misconduct dichotomies to emergent issues like online fraud. Disciplinary contributions highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the discourse, drawing insights from social sciences, medicine, arts, business, psychology, and computer sciences. The detailed systematic literature review and survey design, which are dominant in research on academic integrity and misconduct, help build audience confidence. Some insights into academic integrity and misconduct via typical categories or terms have also been illustrated for the insightful reader. (shrink)

Bu makalede Basra Muʿtezilesi kelâmcılarından Kādî Abdülcebbâr’ın “Tanrı’yı bilmeye götüren nazar vâciptir” önermesine ilişkin sunduğu epistemolojik çerçeve ele alınacaktır. Kādî Abdülcebbâr’ı bu sorunu tartışmaya iten şey, bir taraftan Tanrı’yı bilmenin bütün dinî hükümlerin dayanağı olması ve bu nedenle kelâmın kurucu ilkesi olması, öte yandan ashâbü’l-maʿârif olarak bilinen Câhız, Ali el-Esvârî, Sümâme b. Eşres gibi Muʿtezile kelâm geleneğine bağlı bazı düşünürlerin Tanrı’yı biliş tarzımızın zorunlu olduğunu ileri sürmeleri ve Ebü’l-Kāsım el-Belhî el-Kaʿbî’nin Tanrı’nın bu dünyada olduğu gibi ahirette de istidlâlî olarak bilineceğini (...) iddia etmesidir. Kādî Abdülcebbâr el-Muğnî külliyatının on ikinci cildi olan en-Nazar ve’l-meʿârif’i bu soruna ayırmış, buradaki düşünceleri öğrencisi Mankdîm tarafından Talik alâ Şerhi’l-Usûli’l-hamse’nin giriş bölümünde yeniden sunulmuştur. Kādî Abdülcebbâr Allah’ın kişiye yüklediği ilk sorumluluğun O’nu bilmeye götüren akıl yürütme olduğunu yazar. Bu önerme iki hususu içermektedir: Birincisi akıl yürütmenin gerekliliği, ikincisi ise Tanrı’yı biliş tarzımızın nazarî oluşu. Kādî Abdülcebbâr ilk olarak Tanrı’yı bilmenin neden gerekli olduğunu temellendirmeye girişir ve bunun için öncelikle vâcibi tanımlar ve kısımlarını açıklar. Ona göre akıl yürütmenin gerekliliği, Tanrı’yı bilmenin akıl yürütme dışında başka bir yolu olmamasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Gerçekte kişinin bilmesi gereken ilk şey Tanrı’dır. Dolayısıyla asl olan Tanrı’yı bilmektir. Bunun nedeni Tanrı’yı bilmenin dışında kalan konuların, Tanrı’yı bilmeye dayanmasıdır. Kādî Abdülcebbâr bunu, söz ve fiil türünden bütün dinî hükümlerin (şerâiʿ), ancak Tanrı’yı bildikten sonra hasen olacağını dile getirerek izah eder. Tanrı’yı bilmek, kendisini ihlal etmenin caiz olmadığı vâciplerdendir. Çünkü Tanrı’yı bilmeyi terk etmek kötüdür. Kötü olan şeylerden sakınmanın gerekliliği aklen sabittir. O hâlde Tanrı’yı bilmeyi terk etme kötülüğünden sakınmak, Tanrı’yı bilmekle mümkün olacağı için Tanrı’yı bilmek gereklidir. Tanrı’yı bilmek akıl yürütmeyle gerçekleştiği için de akıl yürütme, Tanrı’nın bilinmesi gereken ilk şey oluşundan bir pay alarak ilk konuma yükselmektedir. Buradan çıkan ilk sonuç, kişinin mükellef olduğu ilk şeyin Tanrı’yı bilmeye götüren akıl yürütme olduğudur. Kādî Abdülcebbâr, Tanrı’ya ilişkin bilginin nazarîliğini ise Tanrı’nın ne zarurî olarak ne de müşahede ile bilinemeyeceğini göstererek temellendirmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda o bilginin neliğini ve türlerini tartışmaya açar. Kādî Abdülcebbâr’ın farklı kelâm eserlerinde yaptığı bilgi tanımlarında ortak olan şey, bilginin “gerekçelendirilmiş doğru inanç” şeklindeki tanımıdır. Bilginin inanç türünden olduğunu düşünen Kādî Abdülcebbâr, aynı zamanda bu inancın doğru olması gerektiğini ve kişinin bu inancına yönelik nefsinin sâkin olması gerektiğini ifade eder. Ardından zorunlu bilgi ve zorunlu bilginin türlerini ele alan Kādî Abdülcebbâr, burada insanın bilme imkanlarıyla uyumlu olarak onun biliş tarzları üzerinden Tanrı’yı bilmenin neden nazarla mümkün olduğunu, bilgilerimizin bütün türlerini ya da biliş tarzlarımızın tamamını söz konusu ederek Tanrı’yı bilmenin bunlardan hangisine dâhil olacağını soruşturur. Zorunlu bilginin ardından müşahede bilgisine yer veren Kādî Abdülcebbâr’a göre Tanrı’ya ilişkin bilgi ne zorunlu bilgiler türüne ne de müşahedeye dayalı bilgiler türüne girmemektedir. Kādî Abdülcebbâr son olarak Tanrı’nın nasıl bilineceği ya da Tanrı’ya ilişkin bilginin hangi bilgi türüne dahil edileceği meselesinin kelâmcılar arasında tartışmalı bir konu olduğunu ve Tanrı’nın teklif devam ederken bu dünyada zarurî olarak bilinmeyeceğini ifade eder. Ancak bu hususta Muʿtezile içerisinden biri Câhız ve Ali el-Esvârî gibi ashâbü’l-maârifin, diğeri Ebü’l-Kāsım el-Belhî el-Kaʿbî’nin muhalefetine yer vererek her iki yaklaşımı sırasıyla hem Tanrı’ya ilişkin bilginin neden zorunlu olamayacağını hem de Tanrı’nın ahirette neden istidlâlî olarak bilinmeyeceğini göstererek yanıtlar. İşte bu makalede Kādî Abdülcebbâr’ın Tanrı’yı biliş tarzımızın epistemolojik statüsüne ilişkin söz konusu görüşlerini analiz ederek, onun Tanrı’ya ilişkin bilginin çıkarımsallığı görüşünün dayandığı epistemolojik temeli ortaya koymaya çalışacağız. (shrink)

The significant roles played by eunuchs (castrated slaves) in Rasūlid Yemen have thus far escaped scholarly scrutiny. A systematic study of the historiographic and biographical writings of ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan al-Khazrajī, chronicler of the Rasūlid court at the turn of the 9th/15th century, reveals that eunuchs figured prominently both in the highest ranks of the dynasty’s political, administrative, and military hierarchy, as well as in the most intimate realms of royal households. The author, however, remains silent on the origins of (...) these men and on the capture, castration, and deracination they suffered as young boys. In order to reconstruct the slave trading practices that supplied the Rasūlids with eunuchs, a late 7th/13th-century collection of administrative documents known as Nūr al-maʿārif shall be drawn upon. This source names an African export hub from which slaves were shipped across the Red Sea to Yemen, lists prices and taxes paid for eunuchs, and reveals that the Rasūlids actively interfered in the Yemeni slave trade in order to secure the most desirable eunuchs for themselves. Taken together, these narrative and administrative sources shed light on the eunuch institution in Rasūlid Yemen and on its role in sustaining the dynasty. (shrink)

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838-97) was a pan-Islamic thinker, political activist, and journalist, who sought to revive Islamic thought and liberate the Muslim world from Western influence. Many aspects of his life and his background remain unknown or controversial, including his birthplace, his religious affiliation, and the cause of his death. He was likely born in Asadabad, near present-day Hamadan, Iran. His better known history begins when he was 18, with a one-year stay in India that coincided with the Sepoy Mutiny (...) of 1857-59. In what would become a life of constant travel, he soon went to Mecca to perform Hajj, before returning to Afghanistan to join the service of the country's ruler, Dost Mohammad Khan (1793-1863). He later sided with Dost's son Mohammad Aʻzam, who ultimately lost in a power struggle with his British-supported brother Sher Ali. Al-Afghani's political activism eventually took him to Paris, London, Tehran, Saint Petersburg, and Constantinople. It was during his second stay in Egypt (1871-79) that he cemented his role as a reformer. He found in Cairo a class of young intellectuals who gathered around him, established newspapers, and used these papers to disseminate his ideas. Chief among al-Afghani's Egyptian disciples were scholar Muhammad ʻAbduh, journalist ʻAbd Allah al-Nadim, and nationalist politicians Mustafa Kamil and Saʻd Zaghlul. Al-Afghani's influence on both modernist and traditionalist Islamic thought continues to the present. An activist who sought to effect change through political journalism and public speaking, he did not write many books. This treatise, entitled al-Radd ʻalā al-dahrīyīn (Refutation of the materialists), was a rebuttal of the views of the pro-British Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan, who had argued that science is more important than religion in the rise of civilizations. First written in Persian following al-Afghani's exile from Egypt to India, it was translated into Arabic by his student Muhammad ʻAbduh, with the help of al-Afghani's assistant Arif Efendi. (shrink)

The falling shadow theory is applied to subhoops and filters in hoops. The notions of falling fuzzy subhoops and falling fuzzy filters in hoops are introduced, and several properties are investigated. Relationship between falling fuzzy subhoops and falling fuzzy filters are discussed, and conditions for a falling fuzzy subhoop to be a falling fuzzy filter are provided. Also conditions for a falling shadow of a random set to be a falling fuzzy filer are displayed.

Experience with a group of mechanical engineering seniors at the University of Colorado led to an informal experiment with engineering students in India. An attempt was made to qualitatively gauge the students’ ability to appreciate a worldview different from the standard engineering worldview—that of a mechanical universe. Qualitative differences between organic and mechanical systems were used as a point of discussion. Both groups were found to exhibit distinct thought and behavior patterns which provide important clues for sensitizing engineers to environmental (...) issues in future educational initiatives. Cross-cultural and global dimensions of these initiatives are discussed. (shrink)

Our commentary is focused on the idea that takes on its full significance whenever its relativistic nature, in the short- and long terms, is taken into account. Given the transformations brought about by application of a general model of freedom based on ecological-economic factors clearly seems to be rather untimely. We examine this idea through egocentric and ethnocentric views of the social and environmental analyses of.

Kripke uses a fictional skeptical character in order to review and refuses “cognitive meaning” theory. According to this theory, the propositions which contain reference to the meaning show the state of mind of belief which is a correct state of mind. In order to challenge this theory, Kripke uses another theory which is known as “Normativity of meaning” in philosophic literature. According to the latter theory, meaning of a word limits its application in a normative way; for example, if I (...) use ‘table’, I mean table, then I should use this word for the things which are really table. On the other hand, in meta-ethics, there is a famous argument named “motivational introversion argument”, presented by Michael Smith, whose purpose is to reject “moral cognitivism”, the sentences which include references to moral concepts in an action show state of mind of belief which is a correct state of mind. The following article is going to discuss the possibility of the developing of Michael Smith’s motivational introversion argument into the sphere of meaning. In other words, this paper is a comparative study of fields of meta-ethics and philosophy of language, i.e. it examines whether there can be an argument similar to Michael Smith’s so that one can come to reject meaningful cognitivism. (shrink)

Elementary school teacher has an important role as a learning agent to motivate, facilitate, educate, and train students to be qualified persons who can actualize their human potency optimally. One factor that can influence teacher to be good teacher is her/his job satisfaction. Teacher who has high job satisfaction will have positive attitude and action toward the job. Many research showed that psychological climate, as one of environmental factor, affect the teacher’s job satisfaction. The aim of this research is to (...) know the relationship between psychological climate and job satisfaction of Al-Azhar Islamic Elementary School Teacher at Bekasi. Psychological Climate Questionnaire (PCQ) and Job Satisfaction Survey (RSS) are filled by 80 teachers who have worked over one year. Result shows that there is a significant correlation between psychological climate and teacher’s job satisfaction. However, there is no significant correlation between demographic variables (age, gender, educational level, job status, and tenure) and job satisfaction.  . (shrink)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the end user perspective of advertising in Pakistan. This involves exploring and examining the consumer feedback about advertising from multiple dimensions. In this regard, survey was done for the current developments in literature so far, in order to discover a general pattern of consumer attitude that has been developing over time. This leads us to the realization that the advertising has been radically changing since its beginning with the change in literature. Advertisers (...) communicate with consumers through advertising, public relations, direct marketing, interactive/Internet marketing, sales promotion etc. organizations must use all available communication tools to communicate consumer and to create awareness about the need of consumer. Advertising is used to create awareness for products and services. Advertisers should know the needs of consumers, target audience, their culture, likes and dislikes. Advertising create feelings and satisfaction in consumer’s mind. Many food and beverage brands use advertising for the promotion of their products. Advergames have an advertisement for a product, service, or company and have become popular. Cultural frame work plays important role in advertising and consumer behavior. Music plays an imported role in advertising; it has recently attracted interest in marketing and consumer psychology. Music is key elements of the culture; it plays an important role in consumers’ perceptions, moods, and in the theme of the advertisements. (shrink)

QBism is one of the main candidates for an epistemic interpretation of quantum mechanics. According to QBism, the quantum state or the wavefunction represents the subjective degrees of belief of the agent assigning the state. But, although the quantum state is not part of the furniture of the world, quantum mechanics grasps the real via the Born rule which is a consistency condition for the probability assignments of the agent. In this paper, we evaluate the plausibility of recent criticism of (...) QBism. We focus on the consequences of the subjective character of the quantum state, the issue of realism and the problem of the evolution of the quantum state in QBism. In particular, drawing upon Born’s notion of invariance as the mark of the real, it is argued that there is no essential difference between Einstein’s program of ‘the real’ and QBists’ realism. Also, it will be argued that QBism can account for the unitary evolution of the quantum state. (shrink)

This study examines to what extent perceived corporate social responsibility reduces employee cynicism, and whether trust plays a mediating role in the relationship between CSR and employee cynicism. Three distinct contributions beyond the existing literature are offered. First, the relationship between perceived CSR and employee cynicism is explored in greater detail than has previously been the case. Second, trust in the company leaders is positioned as a mediator of the relationship between CSR and employee cynicism. Third, we disaggregate the measure (...) of CSR and explore the links between this and with employee cynicism. Our findings illustrate that the four distinct dimensions of CSR of Carroll are indirectly linked to employee cynicism via organizational trust. In general terms, our findings will help company leaders to understand employees’ counterproductive reactions to an organization, the importance of CSR for internal stakeholders, and the need to engage in trust recovery. (shrink)

Tesettür kavramı temel mahiyeti ve amacı açısından İslam dini kapsamında değerlendirilecek dini bir pratiktir. İslam’da kadının giyim konusundaki sınırlarının belirlenmesi, bedenin gizlenmesi açısından tesettür kavramı önem taşımaktadır. Fakat modernleşme ekseniyle değişme ve gelişmeler gösteren tesettür anlayışının, tüketim kültürü ve moda ile birleşen, bu modern çağın gereklerine ayak uyduran yeni bir tesettür anlayışı ve imajıyla karşı karşıya kaldığı görülmektedir. Özellikle gençlerin giyim tercihlerinde tesettürün modernleşme dinamiklerinden etkilenmesi söz konudur. Bu çalışmada tesettürlü gençlerin giyim tercihlerinde tesettür algısının, tüketim kültürü ve moda ile (...) bütünleşmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan “tesettür modası” ile olan münasebeti ve temelde tesettürün özsel ve şekilsel değişiklikleri ile bu değişikliklere sebep olan faktörlerin etkisi ortaya konulmuştur. Teorik ve uygulamalı bir anket ile gençlerin tesettür tercihi ve algısının değişim ve dönüşüm nedenleri, bu dönüşüme etki eden unsurlar sorgulanmıştır. (shrink)

The relationship between ecology and democracy has a complex history and an uncertain future. Ecological crises threaten all forms of life on earth, and democracy too is endangered, as popular discontent, elite malfeasance, and unresponsive institutions herald crisis if not collapse. It is clear that our present political concepts and institutions are inadequate for meeting the challenges of living in right relation with the more-than-human world and, moreover, that these inadequacies are themselves symptoms of a failing political-cultural story and a (...) lack of concrete practices of ecological renewal, a story that does not recognize that there is no "people" without the earth and that power is not held by humans alone but in common with the natural world--intensifying weather events effected by climate change are only the most obvious example. Earthborn Democracy upends conventional accounts, which view democracy as a modern invention, by probing deep histories of egalitarian political organization beyond the ancient Athenian efforts so feared by the American founders in the premodern Americas, Mesopotamia, and many other egalitarian cultures. Unlike the constitutional democracies in nation-states, which are in service to economic directives, the political practices and stories excavated in the book illustrate the interdependence necessary to inspire and orient the work of ecological and democratic renewal. Responses to climate catastrophe call for an understanding of how unconscious desire can be a resource for collective democratic action. Developing an embodied account of the unconscious in which a desire for pleasure is central, the authors examine the knowledge and living traditions of Indigenous communities; the incorporation of "pleasure activism" into contemporary social movements and antiracist struggles; and practices of cooperation-cross-species affinity and relational grassroots political organizing around the world. The resonances across these examples trace the possibility for renewal of individual and collective selves through the work of ecological attunement and restoration. Building from re-envisioned democratic histories and this radical rereading of the collective unconscious, they show how contemporary political experiments and practices might cultivate and channel desires for autochthonous-earthborn-democracy, as the Athenian mythos names it. (shrink)

800x600 Normal 0 21 false false false RO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Suicide attack has become a dangerous trend in the contemporary history of some Asian societies. While it has been used by some people as a means of protest, it has been largely rejected by humanity for its severe debilitating effects. Instances of suicide attack can be found in the contexts of the Israel-Palestine conflict, September 11 attacks, Bali bombing, Sunni-Shiite disagreement, struggle of the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, as (...) well as the occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan by foreign powers. The recent contours of suicide attacks are basically largely related to various groups or organizations. The paper therefore examines the meaning, brief history, and the causes of suicide attack, and analyzes these within the purview of contemporary Islamic thought which is based on the textual arguments of the Qur'an and Sunnah. The paper concludes that though a tiny fraction of the whole Muslim spectrum tries to justify the suicide attack as a "weapon of the weak", the majority of the Muslim scholars has viewed it as a crime against humanity and therefore vehemently rejects this practice in any form. (shrink)

al-kitāb 1. al-Nasq al-ʻilmī lil-manẓūr al-ẓāhirī lil-ʻulūm al-ijtimāʻīyah -- al-kitāb 2. [Taṭbīqāt al-nasq al-ʻilmī lil-manẓūr al-ẓāhirī fī majāl al-ʻulūm al-ijtimāʻīyah].

The aim of present paper is to introduce the concept of ‘expressive perception’ in Ernst Cassirer’s philosophical mythology. Having Cited Dorothy Emmet’s methodological objection, the author, by recalling Kantian aspect of Cassirer’s thought and referring to the concept of ‘expressive perception’, would make an attempt to reply on his part: according to Cassirer, this level of perceptive experience is the origin of the mythical form of thinking as a whole and, at the same time, is the original and irreducible altogether. (...) Thus, taking ‘mythical thought’ as an independent form of thinking, beside the ‘critical-empirical’ form of thinking, is, for one thing, completely cogent; for another, due to its dependency upon expressive form of perception, mythical thought would never be quite omitted, rather, keep living latently beneath the skin of mental life. In addition, author explains how much Cassirer owes, regarding to the concept of ‘expressive form of perception’, to Max Scheler. Avoiding to elaborate on Scheler’s detailed argument, Cassirer relies strongly on the consequences Scheler draws from his considerations in his work ‘Wesen und Formen der Sympathie’. Restating Scheler’s argument briefly should help in understanding Cassirer’s idea. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic has struck the world and caused serious disruption in education. Lockdown and social distancing measures have prompted a paradigm shift in delivering education, resulting in o...

This book discloses a largely unnoticed dialogue between Muslim and Western social thought on the search for meaning and transcendence in the human sciences. The disclosure is accomplished by a comparative reading of contemporary Muslim debates on secular knowledge on the one hand, and of a foundational Western debate on the demise of metaphysics in the human sciences on the other hand. The comparative reading is grounded in a dialogical hermeneutic approach; that is, a hermeneutic approach to texts and cultural (...) traditions that draws upon the work of Hans Georg Gadamer and also upon the insights of inter-religious dialogue. (shrink)

This chapter considers the “people” of any state as a manufactured homogenous entity and argues that the neo-liberal educational setup plays a cardinal role in their manufacture. As an alternative, I invoke Negri’s and Hardt’s conceptualization of “multitude” to both critique and look beyond the neo-liberal mechanizations of education. The multitude, I argue, sparks creativity and criticality owing to its emphasis on the immanent (rather than manufactured) forms of difference and divergence. I argue that critical pedagogy can play an important (...) philosophical role in sidelining the repressive regimentations of corporate globalization and education and help in the formation of a multitude instead of people. (shrink)